57 resultados para mRNA

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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本实验以冬小麦“农大139”(T. aestivum L. cv. Nongda 139)为材料对春化作用诱导开花的分子机制作了一些探讨,主要结果如下: 1. 应用SDS-PAGE及高分辨双向电泳技术,比较了冬小麦给予春化、脱春化及超期春化处理后的电泳图谱,并结合对春小麦对照样品的分析,结果发现有一些蛋白质和春化作用紧密相关,它们随春化而出现、随脱春化而消失,并在不经低温处理即可以开花的春小麦对照中存在。也就是说,这些开花特异的蛋白质(FSPs)的存在或在诱导下的合成和小麦抽穗开花能力的获得存在一种正相关,因此推测它们在冬小麦由营养生长状态向生殖生长状态转变的过程中起了关键性的作用。 2. 从不同处理的及对照样品中提取mRNA进行体外翻译的结果表明:春化作用过程中低温诱导了mRNA组分的变化,其中一些新产生的mRNA种类与春化诱导的开花能力的获得呈高度相关,即它们是开花特异的(Flower Specific),它们中有的只在春化的特定时期存在并起作用。 3.比较体内分析及体外翻译的结果发现,一些开花特异蛋白质(FSPs)可以同时在体内提取物及体外翻译产物中检测到,因此,春化作用中开花特异蛋白质诱导合成的调节很可能发生在转录水平上。 4.基于以上结果的分析可以推测春化诱导开花是低温导致了开花特异基因表达的结果,超期春化的效应不能被脱春化所逆转则系编码这些开花特异蛋白质的基因在长期低温条件下转变成了组成性表达所致。 有关低温诱导产生的开花特异蛋白质的性质与功能及编码这些蛋白质的基因尚需进一步研究。

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本文以光敏色素A (phyA)的特异性基因片段RPA3为探针,利用RNA斑点杂交的方法对光敏核不育水稻农垦58S及对照农垦58叶片中phyA mRNA的丰度进行了分析。结果显示:在育性转换敏感期,光周期处理O天时,农垦58S (NK 58S) phyA mR-NA的丰度比农垦58 (NK 58) phyA mRNA的高。光周期处理5天(雌雄蕊原基形成期)及10天(花粉母细胞形成期)时,短日照条件下(SD),NK 58S phyA mRNA的丰度均比NK58高。进一步比较3天龄NK58S及NK58黄化苗中phyA基因表达的差异,发现NK58S phyA mRNA的丰度比NK58高,并且两品种均符合黄化苗中phyA对其mRNA丰度的负调控作用。这一结果进一步证实:甲基化水平低的NK58S phyA基因比NK58 phyA基因更活跃地表达,进而导致转录水平与翻译水平上的差异,最终参与调节NK 58S的育性转换。 另外,通过持续远红光和红光照射黄化水稻幼苗诱导叶绿素合成的实验,分析了NK58S与NK58之间光敏色素生物功能的差异。持续远红光高辐照度反应(FR-HIR)由phyA负责调节,持续红光高辐照度反应(R-HIR)由phyB负责调节。实验结果显示:持续FR使NK58S与NK58合成叶绿素的含量在12 h时达到最高,并且NK58中叶绿素合成的相对效应比NK585高。持续R使NK58S及NK58中叶绿素的含量在24小时连续处理下持续增加,而且在此时间进程中,NK58中叶绿素合成的相对效应也都比NK58S高。这些结果说明在NK58S和NK58中phyA和phyB均参与了叶绿素合成的调节,并且phyA,phyB在NK58S和NK58黄化苗转绿过程中的作用存在差异。

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Here we report the codon bias and the mRNA secondary structural features of the hemagglutinin (HA) cleavage site basic amino acid regions of avian influenza virus H5N1 subtypes. We have developed a dynamic extended folding strategy to predict RNA secondar

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以H5N2亚型禽流感病毒毒株血凝素蛋白裂解位点碱性氨基酸为研究对象,对其密码子偏好性和对应mRNA序列的折叠二级结构特点进行研究和分析.旨在探讨裂解位点氨基酸对应mRNA核苷酸片段的二级结构与病毒致病力的关系,希望能对禽流感病毒的研究提供一些基础性信息.将mRNA样本按照序列等步长递增的方法,用RNAstructure 4.1程序预测这些样本的动态延伸折叠二级结构.序列和结构的分析结果:裂解位点的碱性氨基酸对富含腺嘌呤的密码子有强烈偏好;与碱性氨基酸对应的mRNA片段上的核苷酸主要位于折叠二级结构的单链环区,少数位于配对螺旋区.结果表明:裂解位点氨基酸对应的mRNA核苷酸形成发夹端环的大小与其碱性氨基酸的多少具有正相关性.

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目的:探讨HIV-1感染是否影响细胞中UNG2的表达.方法:采用四步法SYBR green Ⅰ实时定量RT-PCR,对HIV-1感染者的T和B淋巴细胞,以及HIV-1感染的C8166细胞核内UNG2 mRNA的表达进行测定.结果:UNG2 mRNA的表达在HIV-1感染者的T细胞和HIV-1感染的C8166细胞中被明显上调,分别是对照的8.76倍和8.14倍,而在HIV-1感染者的B细胞中却没有被上调.结论:HIV-1感染导致的UNG2表达上调,可能通过减少TCR的多样性削弱Th的功能,另一方面可能有利于病毒对UNG2的包装.

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下载PDF阅读器已知导入未编辑atp9 mRNA的烟草表现细胞质雄性不育(CMS),因此认为线粒体基因atp9是引起高等植物CMS的主要基因.为了解atp9在CMS中的作用机制,从3对烟草不育系及其同型保持系中提取atp9,利用实验与理论结合来分析其mRNA在编辑前后以及在不育系及其同型保持系中的一维、三维信息差别.结果表明,atp9 mRNA一维信息方面的差异,更重要的是二级结构的差异和稳定性,可能是影响ATP合成而导致CMS的根本原因.

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从GenBank获得大肠杆菌K-12MG1655株的全基因组序列,计算了与基因密码子偏好性相关的多个参数(Nc、CAI、GC、GC3s),对其mRNA编码区长度、形成二级结构倾向与密码子偏好性之间的关系进行了统计学分析,发现虽然翻译效率(包括翻译速度和翻译精度)是制约大肠杆菌高表达基因的密码子偏好性的主要因素,同时,mRNA编码区长度及其形成二级结构的倾向也是形成这种偏好性的不可忽略的原因,而且对偏好性有一定程度的削弱。另外对mRNA编码区形成二级结构倾向的生物学意义进行了讨论分析。

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利用置信度为95 的特征字研究了蛋白质二级结构以及其对应mRNA 二级结构, 发现 蛋白质二级结构和mRNA 二级结构有明显的相关性. 规则二级结构A2螺旋, B2折叠以及包含 有Turn 的边界明显倾向于mRNA 二级结构的茎区, 而避免出现在环区.

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 以UNCG, GNRA , CUU G (N = A , U , C 或G; R = G或A) 为端环能够形成稳定的、保 守的发夹结构. 它们具有特殊的结构特征, 并在体内发挥着重要的生物学功能. 这些稳定的发夹 广泛分布于体内rRNA , 催化RNA 和非编码mRNA 中. 但对人类88 个编码区mRNA 二级结构的 研究当中, 却没有发现C(UUCG) G发夹. 而且, 与rRNA 不同, 这些编码区mRNA 四环序列的 分布没有明显的偏好性.

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mRNA 所包含的核苷酸序列通过三联体密码子决定了蛋白质的氨基酸序列。但是, 由于对氨基酸同 义密码使用频率上的差异, 密码子与反密码子相互作用效率上的不同, 以及密码子上下文关系和mRNA 不同区 域二级结构上的差异, 造成了核糖体对mRNA 不同区域翻译速度上的差异, 加之共翻译折叠的作用, 使得mR2 NA 的序列和结构影响着蛋白质空间结构的形成。

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The forming mechanism of the three - dimensional structures of proteins,i.e.the mechanism of protein folding,is a basic problem in molecular biology which is still unsolved unitl now. In which a core problem is whether there is the three – dimensional genetic information that decide the three - dimensional structures of proteins. However, the research on this field has mot yet been reported. Recently,we made a comparative study on the folded structures of more than 70 mature messeneger RNAs (mRNAs) and the three - dimensional structures of the proteins encoded by them,it has been found that there exist marked correspondences between their featured structures in the following aspects: 1.The number of the structural units. An RNA molecule can form a secondary structure(stem and loop structure) by the folding and the base pairing of itself. The elementary structural unit of an RNA secondary structure is hairpin(or compound hair pin).The regular structural unit in the secondary structure of a protein is # alpha # - helix or #beta# - sheet . We have found that the hairpin number in the secondary structure of each mature mRNA is equal or approximately equal to the number of the regular secondary structural unis of the encoded protein. 2 .Turning region. Turn is a main structrual element in the secondary structure of a protein, which decides the backbone orientation of a protein molecule to some extent .Our analysis shows that the nucleotide sequence segments in an mRNA which encode the turns of the corresponding protein are overall situated in the turning regions of the mRNA secondary structure such as haipin,bulge loop or multibaranch loops. 3 .The arrangement of structural elements in space. In order to understand the backbone orientation of an RNA molecule and the arangement of its structural elements in space,we have modeled the three一dimensional structure of the mRNA molecule on SGI workstation based on its secondary structure.The result shows that the spatial arrangement of most of the nucleotide sequence segments encoding the structural elements of a protein is consistent with that of these stretural exements in the protein. For instance,the nucleotide sequences corresponding to each pleated sheet of a # beta # - sheet structure are close to each other in the mRNA secondary stucture and in the three - dimensional structure,although some of the nucleotide segments are far apart from each other in the one - dimensional sequence. For another instance,the two triplet codons of cysteines which form a disulphide bridge geneal1y are very close to each other in the mRNA folded structure. In addition,we also analyzed the locations of the codons proline - coding and the distrbution of the nucleotide sequences #alpha# - helix - coding in the folded structures of mRNAs . Some distribution laws have been found. All of these results suggest that the transfer of the genetic information from mRNA to protein not only is one – dimensional but also is three - dime ns ional. That is,there exists the genetic information that decide the three - dimensional structures of proteins. To a certain extent,we could say that the mRNA folding detemines the protein folding. Based on these results,it would be possible to predict the three - dimensional structures of proteins from the primary,secondary and tertiary structures of the m RNAs at a higher accuracy.And more important is that a new clue has been provided to uncover the“spatial coding" of the genetic information.

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对编码成熟肽的mRNA二级结构的分析显示,每个密码子在mRNA二级结构中的位置有一定的倾向性,这种倾向性似乎与相应氨基酸的构象性质相一致。大多数编码疏水氨基酸的密码子位于mRNA二级结构中较稳定的茎区;反之,大多数编码亲水氨基酸的密码子位于柔性的环区。这个结果支持了最近得到的关于mRNA与蛋白质之间存在着三维结构信息传递的结论。

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孤儿受体TR2 mRNA在大鼠睾丸内特异定位于生精细胞,主要在减数分裂期的精母细胞和减数分裂后的圆形和长型精子细胞表达。在不同曲细精管间,TR2 mRNA表达有明显差异。大鼠隐睾手术后d3和d5,生精细胞出现凋亡,TR2 mRNA表达略有下降;到d7.5时,大量生精细胞发生凋亡,TR2 mRNA表达明显降低。从手术后d10起,检测不到TR2 mRNA的表达。手术后d15和d20的恒河猴隐睾中,仅有少数初级精母细胞表达TR2 mRNA,d30、45和60恒河猴隐睾基本不表达TR2 mRNA

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对68个外显子-内含子-外显子序列片段以及相应的外显子-外显子序列片段的二级结构进行分析后发现,内含子5^端和3^端的碱基G(剪接位点)中大约90%位于二级结构的环区或是茎区的端部并靠近环,而且位于环区的G也多靠近环的基部;92%的外显子拼接位点也有类似性质。约82%的分枝点A位于环区或环与茎的连接部位。折叠结构的形成使剪接位点和分枝点在空间上彼此靠近。